**** In the early Middle Ages, when was introduced in Scandinavia, it began to replace the indiginious Tafl-games and no sets of written rules or common tradition of playing survived. One of the first persons who became devoted to solving the puzzle of Hnefatafl was an American expert on languages (and a chess-players, co-editing the magazine with legendary American ). Fiske collected a lot of material that was published in the book Chess in Iceland in 1905, but he finally abandoned the problem as insoluble. The only conclusion he could make was that is was played between two groups of 'maids' with a 'hnefi' on one side. Hnefi is an Icelandic word and literally means fist, but since the hnefi had a role corresponding to the king in chess it is often translated as 'king'. Burden Of Proof 3rd Edition Crosman Bb more. The word hnefatafl itself is a compilation of hnefa, genitive of hnefi, and tafl, which is the Old Norse word for board (again, originally borrowed from the Latin word tabula with the same meaning).

Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations I. London: Oxford Uni. Fiske, Willard. Chess in Iceland and Icelandic Literature. Florence, 1905. (ed.) 'A Gentleman's Accomplishments.' Translation by in An Introduction to Old Norse.

2nd ed., Oxford: Clarendon, 1957. Krapp, George Philip and Elliott van Kirk Dobbie. Драйвер Tusb3410 Boot Device.

Unambiguous description of the rules of a tafl game. Was found with weapons and a Hnefatafl board game. Article on tafl games by the Viking.

The Exeter Book. Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, 3. New York: Columbia Uni Press, 1961. Murray, H.J.R.

A History of Chess. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913 Murray, H.J.R. A History of Board-Games Other Than Chess. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952. The Poetic Edda. Translated by Lee Hollander. Of Texas Press, 1962.

The Times of St. Oxford: Clarendon, 1923. Three Northern Love Stories. Translated by Eirikr Magnusson & William Morris. London: Ellis & White, 1875.